Optical fiber sensors making a huge progress in their demand and development. Nowadays, researchers are moving towards the combination of functional nanomaterials with fiber optics for the challenging improvements in the performance. In particular, optical fiber sensors rely on newer sensing schemes via nanoscale integration of many components from metals, semiconductors, and conducting polymers. The bulk or thin films and nanostructured materials are ongoing advancements in the field of optical sensing market intended to various scope of applications. During my doctoral research, I have worked on various kinds of optical fiber sensors fabrication and characterization using nanomaterials for different chemical sensing applications. A recent work based on total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy is one of the most widely used techniques to image bio-molecules on the cell surface (plasma membrane). The TIRF field penetrates only up to a few hundred nanometers into the sample-substrate interface, exciting fluorophores near the cell membrane without illuminating deeper regions. We have developed a custom TIRF microscope for imaging the apical surface of the cells, specifically focusing on the primary cilium protruding from the apical surface. This method employs a prism that is immersed in the aqueous medium surrounding the cells, and the TIRF occurs at the medium-prism interface, where the setup illuminates the apical membrane and thus the cilium from the top, minimizing undesired fluorescence signal from outside the cilium. We anticipate that our IP-TIRF microscopy technique allows imaging processes occurring on the apical membrane with unprecedented resolution and could be widely available due to its simplicity and cost-effective implementation.